What is a common application for a 90-degree elbow fitting?

A 90-degree elbow fitting is widely used in piping systems primarily to change the direction of pipe flow by 90 degrees. This type of fitting is essential in various applications where there is a need to divert the flow of fluid or gas in a different direction without compromising the integrity of the system.

When installing piping, you often encounter spaces or design layouts that require altering the pathway of the pipe. The 90-degree elbow allows for such changes while maintaining a smooth flow, minimizing turbulence and pressure drops that could occur if a more angular or abrupt turn were introduced.

In contrast to other applications mentioned, connecting pipes of different diameters would typically utilize reducers or transition fittings designed specifically for that purpose. Extending the length of a pipe is more commonly resolved using straight pipe sections rather than elbow fittings, and reducing fluid velocity is usually achieved through components like valves or flow control devices rather than through bends in the piping path. Thus, the primary role of the 90-degree elbow is to facilitate a change in direction, making it a staple component in pipefitting tasks.